Highlights
- •Insole impulse and peak knee extension moment limb symmetry have correlation.
- •Force sensing insoles agree with knee extension moment; symmetric or asymmetric.
- •Insoles could screen for kinetic asymmetries in anterior cruciate ligament repairs.
Abstract
Background
Knee extension moment asymmetry is a known second anterior cruciate ligament injury
risk factor in patients who have had an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Traditionally, assessing asymmetries requires motion capture and force platforms which
are expensive and occupy a large space. Wireless force sensing insoles could be a
feasible surrogate.
Methods
Twenty-nine patients following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction performed
ten bilateral stop jumps while insole forces, ground reaction forces, and lower extremity
kinematics were collected. Peak knee extension moment symmetry was computed using
the kinematic and kinetic data, and peak impact force symmetry and impulse symmetry
were computed using both the insole force data and vertical ground reaction force
data. The relationship between outcomes was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients.
Patients were classified as symmetric or asymmetric for each outcome based on an 85%
symmetry cutoff. The resulting classifications were qualitatively compared across
outcome measures.
Findings
Peak knee extension moment symmetry had a strong association with the force plate
symmetry outcomes (r = 0.72–0.96, p < 0.001) and a moderate to strong association with insole symmetry outcomes (r = 0.67–0.77, p < 0.001). There was strong agreement between insole and force plate symmetry outcomes
(r = 0.69–0.90, p < 0.001). Four patients were identified as symmetric when using the peak knee extension
moment symmetry, five when using force plate data, and eight when using insole data.
Interpretation
Force sensing insoles could be used as a surrogate for knee extension moment asymmetry
in patients who have had an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: March 14, 2023
Accepted:
March 6,
2023
Received:
December 21,
2022
Identification
Copyright
© 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
