Highlights
- •Stair gait and sit-to-stand are crucial for individuals with lower limb amputation.
- •Trunk and lower limbs need to be investigated during both tasks.
- •This review identified the most relevant parameters underlying movement strategies.
- •Moment and power show that residual joints compensate for the prosthetic joint.
- •Trunk and lower limb need to be more investigated during both tasks.
Abstract
Background
Individuals with a lower limb amputation use compensatory strategies during essential
tasks such as sit-to-stand and stair ascent leading to secondary physical conditions.
The ensuing biomechanical parameters outlining the motion strategies they put in place
need to be identified and described.
Methods
We searched three databases (Embase, IEEE Xplore and PubMed) for articles on the spatiotemporal,
the kinematics and the kinetics that compared the amputated, the intact lower limbs,
or the trunk of individuals with a unilateral transtibial or transfemoral amputation
with the limbs of a control group.
Findings
We found twenty articles. During sit-to-stand, individuals with a lower limb amputation
increased the trunk inclination angle toward the intact lower limb, explaining higher
ground reaction forces and peak knee sagittal power generation. During stair ascent,
individuals with a lower limb amputation increased the stance phase duration on the
intact lower limb. Moreover, individuals with a lower limb amputation increased both
lower limbs hip extension moment and power, and the amputated lower limb knee extension
moment. In both tasks, the individuals with a transfemoral amputation presented larger
differences than those with transtibial compared to the control group.
Interpretation
Both lower limbs intact joint moment and power were increased to compensate for the
prosthesis passive joint and to ensure stability. Stair gait studies mainly focused
on the lower limbs' biomechanical changes in the sagittal plane, while sit-to-stand
studies focused on asymmetries without comparing the lower limbs independently. Better
methodological descriptions are essential to enhance the external validity of previous
results.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: October 31, 2022
Accepted:
October 21,
2022
Received:
November 30,
2021
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
