Advertisement
Research Article| Volume 16, ISSUE 5, P424-430, June 2001

Download started.

Ok

Patellofemoral joint kinetics during squatting in collegiate women athletes

  • George J. Salem
    Correspondence
    Corresponding author
    Affiliations
    Musculoskeletal Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Department of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, 1540 E. Alcazar Street, CHP-155, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
    Search for articles by this author
  • Christopher M. Powers
    Affiliations
    Musculoskeletal Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Department of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, 1540 E. Alcazar Street, CHP-155, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
    Search for articles by this author
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-0033(01)00017-1
Patellofemoral joint kinetics during squatting in collegiate women athletes
Previous ArticleA computer model to simulate patellar biomechanics following total knee replacement: the effects of femoral component alignment
Next ArticleThe influence of ergometer pedaling direction on peak patellofemoral joint forces

      Abstract

      Objective. To characterize the biomechanics of the patellofemoral joint during squatting in collegiate women athletes.
      Design. Repeated measures experimental design.
      Background. Although squatting exercises are required components of most intercollegiate resistance-training programs and are commonly performed during rehabilitation, the effects of various squatting depths on patellofemoral joint stress have not been quantified.
      Methods. Anthropometric data, three-dimensional knee kinematics, and ground reaction forces were used to calculate the knee extensor moment (inverse dynamics approach) in five intercollegiate female athletes during squatting exercise at three different depths (approximately 70°, 90° and 110° of knee flexion). A biomechanical model of the patellofemoral joint was used to quantify the patellofemoral joint reaction force and patellofemoral joint stress during each trial.
      Results. Peak knee extensor moment, patellofemoral joint reaction force and patellofemoral joint stress did not vary significantly between the three squatting trials.
      Conclusions. Squatting from 70° to 110° of knee flexion had little effect on patellofemoral joint kinetics. The relative constancy of the patellofemoral joint reaction force and joint stress appeared to be related to a consistent knee extensor moment produced across the three squatting depths.Relevance
      The results of this study do not support the premise that squatting to 110° places greater stress on the patellofemoral joint than squatting to 70°. These findings may have implications with respect to the safe design of athletic training regimens and rehabilitation programs.

      Keywords

      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
      One-time access price info
      • For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
      • For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'

      Subscribe:

      Subscribe to Clinical Biomechanics
      Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
      Already an online subscriber? Sign in
      Register: Create an account
      Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect

      References

        • Ferretti A.
        Epidemiology of jumper's knee.
        Sports Med. 1986; 3: 289-295
        View in Article
        • Ferretti A.
        • Papandrea P.
        • Conteduca F.
        Knee injuries in volleyball.
        Sports Med. 1990; 10: 132-138
        View in Article
        • Molnar T.J.
        • Fox J.M.
        Overuse injuries of the knee in basketball.
        Clin. Sports Med. 1993; 12: 349-362
        View in Article

      4. National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System. Overland Park, KS: National Collegiate Athletic Association; 1994

        View in Article
        • Zelisko J.A.
        • Noble H.B.
        • Porter M.
        A comparison of men's and women's professional basketball injuries.
        Am. J. Sports Med. 1982; 10: 297-299
        View in Article
        • DeHaven K.E.
        • Linter D.M.
        Athletic injuries: comparison by age, sport, and gender.
        Am. J. Sports Med. 1986; 14: 218-224
        View in Article
        • Arendt A.E.
        Orthopaedic issues for active and athletic women.
        Clin. Sports Med. 1994; 13: 483-502
        View in Article

      8. Holloway JB, Gater D, Ritchie M. Position paper on strength training for female athletes. Colorado Springs, CO: National Strength and Conditioning Association Position Paper; 1990

        View in Article
        • Hunter L.Y.
        • Andrews J.R.
        • Clancy W.G.
        • et al.
        Common orthopaedic problems of female athletes.
        Instr. Course Lect. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. 1982; 31: 126-151
        View in Article
        • Knapik J.J.
        • Bauman C.L.
        • Jones B.H.
        • et al.
        Pre-season strength and flexibility imbalances associated with athletic injuries in female collegiate athletes.
        Am. J. Sports Med. 1991; 19: 76-81
        View in Article

      11. Calliet R. Knee pain and disability. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Co; 1990. p. 61

        View in Article

      12. Griffin LY. Rehabilitation of the knee extensor mechanism. In: Fox JM, Del Pizzo W, editors. The patellofemoral joint. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1993. p. 279–90

        View in Article

      13. Kisner C, Colby LA. Therapeutic exercise: foundations and techniques. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Co; 1990. p. 345–84

        View in Article

      14. Chandler JY, Stone MH. The squat exercise in athletic conditioning: a position statement and review of the literature. Colorado Springs, CO: National Strength and Conditioning Association Position Paper; 1992

        View in Article
        • Dahlqvist N.J.
        • Mayo P.
        • Seedhom B.B.
        Forces during squatting and rising from a deep squat.
        Eng. Med. 1982; 11: 69-75
        View in Article
        • Hattin H.C.
        • Pierrynowski M.R.
        • Ball K.A.
        Effect of load, cadence, and fatigue on tibio-femoral joint force during a half squat.
        Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 1989; 21: 613-618
        View in Article
        • Hungerford D.
        • Barry M.
        Biomechanics of the patellofemoral joint.
        Clin. Orthop. 1979; 144: 9-15
        View in Article
        • Fleck S.J.
        • Kraemer W.J.
        Designing resistance training programs. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL1987
        View in Article
        • Stone M.H.
        • O'Bryant H.S.
        Weight training: a scientific approach. Burgess International Group Inc, Edina, MN1987
        View in Article

      20. Fulkerson JP, Shea KP. Mechanical basis for patellofemoral pain and cartilage breakdown. In: Ewing JW, editor. Articular cartilage and knee joint function: basic science and arthroscopy. New York: Raven Press; 1990. p. 93–101

        View in Article
        • Grana W.
        • Kriegshauser L.
        Scientific basis of extensor mechanism disorders.
        Clin. Sports Med. 1985; 4: 247-257
        View in Article
        • Moller B.N.
        • Moller-Larsen F.
        • Frich L.H.
        Chondromalacia induced by patellar subluxation in the rabbit.
        Acta. Orthop. Scand. 1989; 60: 188-191
        View in Article
        • Reilly D.T.
        • Martens M.
        Experimental analysis of quadriceps muscle force and patello-femoral joint reaction force for various activities.
        Acta. Orthop. Scand. 1972; 43: 126-137
        View in Article
        • Huberti H.H.
        • Hayes W.C.
        Patellofemoral contact pressures: the influence of Q-angle and tendofemoral contact.
        J. Bone Joint Surg. 1984; 66A: 715-724
        View in Article
        • Lesuer D.A.
        • McCormick J.H.
        • Mayhew J.L.
        • et al.
        The accuracy of prediction equations for estimating 1-RM performance in the bench press, squat, and deadlift.
        J. Strength Cond. Res. 1997; 11: 211-213
        View in Article
        • Dempster W.T.
        • Gabel W.C.
        • Felts W.J.L.
        The anthropometry of manual work space for seated subjects.
        Am. J. Phys. Anthrop. 1959; 17: 289-317
        View in Article
        • Winter D.A.
        Biomechanics and motor control of human movement. Wiley, New York1990
        View in Article
        • van Eijden T.M.
        • Weijs W.A.
        • Kouwenhoven E.
        • et al.
        forces acting on the patella during maximal voluntary contraction of the quadriceps femoris muscle at different knee flexion/extension angles.
        Acta. Anat. 1987; 129: 310-314
        View in Article

      29. Brechter JH. Quantification of patellofemoral joint stress in persons with patellofemoral pain. Dissertation, Los Angeles: University of Southern California; 2000

        View in Article
        • van Eijden T.M.
        • Kouwenhoven E.
        • Verburg J.A.
        Mathematical model of the patellofemoral joint.
        J. Biomech. 1986; 19: 219-229
        View in Article
        • McLaughlin T.M.
        • Dillman C.J.
        • Lardner T.J.
        A kinematic model of performance in the parallel squat by champion powerlifters.
        Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 1977; 9: 128-133
        View in Article
        • McLaughlin T.M.
        • Lardner T.J.
        • Dillman C.J.
        Kinetics of the parallel squat.
        Res. Q. 1979; 49: 175-188
        View in Article
        • Steinkamp L.A.
        • Dillingham M.F.
        • Markel M.D.
        • Hill J.A.
        • Kaufman K.R.
        Biomechanical considerations in patellofemoral joint rehabilitation.
        Am. J. Sports Med. 1993; 21: 438-444
        View in Article
        • Scott S.H.
        • Winter D.A.
        Internal forces at chronic running injury sites.
        Med. Sci. Sport Exerc. 1990; 22: 357-369
        View in Article

      Article info

      Publication history

      Accepted: February 13, 2001
      Received: September 6, 2000

      Identification

      DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-0033(01)00017-1

      Copyright

      © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

      ScienceDirect

      Access this article on ScienceDirect
      We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. To update your cookie settings, please visit the for this site.
      Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. except certain content provided by third parties. The content on this site is intended for healthcare professionals.


      RELX