Clinical Biomechanics
Volume 25, Issue 1 , Pages 63-69 , January 2010

Effect of hip protectors, falling angle and body mass index on pressure distribution over the hip during simulated falls

  • W.J. Choi

      Affiliations

    • Injury Prevention and Mobility Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Address: School of Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 university drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6.
    • ,
  • J.A. Hoffer

      Affiliations

    • Neurokinesiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
    • ,
  • S.N. Robinovitch

      Affiliations

    • Injury Prevention and Mobility Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
    • School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada

Received 14 March 2009 ,Accepted 18 August 2009.

References 

  1. Bjorgul K, Reikeras O. Incidence of hip fracture in southeastern Norway: a study of 1,730 cervical and trochanteric fractures. Int. Orthop. 2007;31:665–669
  2. Bouxsein ML, Coan BS, Lee SC. Prediction of the strength of the elderly proximal femur by bone mineral density and quantitative ultrasound measurements of the heel and tibia. Bone. 1999;25:49–54
  3. Burge R, Dawson-Hughes B, Solomon DH, Wong JB, King A, Tosteson A. Incidence and economic burden of osteoporosis-related fractures in the United States, 2005–2025. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2007;22:465–475
  4. Chevalley T, Guilley E, Herrmann FR, Hoffmeyer P, Rapin CH, Rizzoli R. Incidence of hip fracture over a 10-year period (1991–2000): reversal of a secular trend. Bone. 2007;40:1284–1289
  5. Cheng XG, Lowet G, Boonen S, Nicholson PH, Brys P, Nijs J, et al. Assessment of the strength of proximal femur in vitro: relationship to femoral bone mineral density and femoral geometry. Bone. 1997;20:213–218
  6. Empana JP, Dargent-Molina P, Breart G. Effect of hip fracture on mortality in elderly women: the EPIDOS prospective study. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2004;52:685–690
  7. Feldman F, Robinovitch SN. Reducing hip fracture risk during sideways falls: evidence in young adults of the protective effects of impact to the hands and stepping. J. Biomech. 2007;40:2612–2618
  8. Gullberg B, Johnell O, Kanis JA. World-wide projections for hip fracture. Osteoporos Int. 1997;7:407–413
  9. Johnell O, Kanis JA. An estimate of the worldwide prevalence, mortality and disability associated with hip fracture. Osteoporos Int. 2004;15:897–902
  10. Koike T, Orito Y, Toyoda H, Tada M, Sugama R, Hoshino M, et al. External hip protectors are effective for the elderly with higher-than-average risk factors for hip fractures. Osteoporos Int. 2009;
  11. Keyak JH, Skinner HB, Fleming JA. Effect of force direction on femoral fracture load for two types of loading conditions. J. Orthopaed Res. 2001;19:539–544
  12. Lauritzen JB, Petersen MM, Lund B. Effect of external hip protectors on hip fractures. Lancet. 1993;341(8836):11–13
  13. la Vecchia C, Negri E, Levi F, Baron JA. Cigarette smoking, body mass and other risk factors for fractures of the hip in women. Int. J. Epidemiol. 1991;20:671–677
  14. Laing AC, Robinovitch SN. Effect of soft shell hip protectors on pressure distribution to the hip during sideways falls. Osteoporos Int. 2008;19:1067–1075
  15. Laing AC, Robinovitch SN. The force attenuation provided by hip protectors depends on impact velocity, pelvic size, and soft tissue stiffness. J. Biomech. Eng. 2008;130:061005;(9 pages)
  16. Lonnroos E, Kautiainen H, Karppi P, Huusko T, Hartikainen S, Kiviranta I, et al. Increased incidence of hip fractures. A population based-study in Finland. Bone. 2006;39:623–627
  17. Lochmüller EM, Groll O, Kuhn V, Eckstein F. Mechanical strength of the proximal femur as predicted from geometric and densitometric bone properties at the lower limb versus the distal radius. Bone. 2002;30:207–216
  18. Nankaku M, Kanzaki H, Tsuboyama T, Nakamura T. Evaluation of hip fracture risk in relation to fall direction. Osteoporos Int. 2005;16:1315–1320
  19. Pinilla TP, Boardman KC, Bouxsein ML, Myers ER, Hayes WC. Impact direction from a fall influences the failure load of the proximal femur as much as age-related bone loss. Calcified Tissue Int. 1996;58:231–235
  20. Pulkkinen P, Eckstein F, Lochmüller EM, Kuhn V, Jämsä T. Association of geometric factors and failure load level with the distribution of cervical vs. trochanteric hip fractures. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2006;21:895–901
  21. Pulkkinen P, Jämsä T, Lochmüller EM, Kuhn V, Nieminen MT, Eckstein F. Experimental hip fracture load can be predicted from plain radiography by combined analysis of trabecular bone structure and bone geometry. Osteoporos Int. 2008;19:547–558
  22. Robinovitch SN, Hayes WC, McMahon TA. Energy-shunting hip padding system attenuates femoral impact force in a simulated fall. J. Biomech. Eng. 1995;117:409–413
  23. Robinovitch SN, McMahon TA, Hayes WC. Force attenuation in trochanteric soft tissues during impact from a fall. J. Orthopaed Res. 1995;13:956–962
  24. Robinovitch SN, Evans S, Minns J, Laing AC, Kannus P, Cripton P, et al. Hip protectors: recommendations for biomechanical testing – an international consensus statement. Osteoporos Int. 2009;(conditionally accepted)
  25. Wiener SL, Andersson GB, Nyhus LM, Czech J. Force reduction by an external hip protector on the human hip after falls. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 2002;May(398):157–168
  26. Wolinsky FD, Fitzgerald JF, Stump TE. The effect of hip fracture on mortality, hospitalization, and functional status: a prospective study. Am. J. Public Health. 1997;87:398–403

PII: S0268-0033(09)00199-5

doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2009.08.009

Clinical Biomechanics
Volume 25, Issue 1 , Pages 63-69 , January 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution