Effects of seated whole-body vibration on postural control of the trunk during unstable seated balance

Abstract 

Background

Low back disorders and their prevention is of great importance for companies and their employees. Whole-body vibration is thought to be a risk factor for low back disorders, but the neuromuscular, biomechanical, and/or physiological mechanisms responsible for this increased risk are unclear. The purpose of this study was to measure the acute effect of seated whole-body vibration on the postural control of the trunk during unstable seated balance.

Methods

Twenty-one healthy subjects (age: 23 years (SD 4 years)) were tested on a wobble chair designed to measure trunk postural control. Measurements of kinematic variance and non-linear stability control were based on seat angle before and after 30min of seated whole-body vibration (bandwidth=2–20Hz, root-mean-squared amplitude=1.15m/s²).

Findings

All measures of kinematic variance of unstable seated balance increased (P<0.05) after vibration including: ellipse area (35.5%), root-mean-squared radial lean angle (17.9%), and path length (12.2%). Measures of non-linear stability control also increased (P<0.05) including Lyapunov exponent (8.78%), stability diffusion analysis (1.95%), and Hurst rescaled range analysis (5.2%).

Interpretation

Whole-body vibration impaired postural control of the trunk as evidenced by the increase in kinematic variance and non-linear stability control measures during unstable sitting. These findings imply an impairment in spinal stability and a mechanism by which vibration may increase low back injury risk. Future work should investigate the effects of whole-body vibration on the anatomical and neuromuscular components that contribute to spinal stability.

Keywords: Vibration, Lumbar, Posture, Control, Balance