Clinical Biomechanics
Volume 16, Issue 8 , Pages 688-695 , October 2001

Functional roles of ankle and hip sagittal muscle moments in able-bodied gait

  • Heydar Sadeghi

      Affiliations

    • Research Centre, Sainte-Justine Hospital, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Que., Canada H3T 1C5
    • Marie-Enfant Rehabilitation Centre of Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Que., Canada
    • Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Que., Canada
    • Department of Kinesiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Que., Canada
    • Department of Kinesiology, Tarbiat Moallem University, Ministry of Culture and Higher Education, Tehran, Iran
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author
  • ,
  • Somayeh Sadeghi

      Affiliations

    • Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Que., Canada
  • ,
  • Francois Prince

      Affiliations

    • Research Centre, Sainte-Justine Hospital, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Que., Canada H3T 1C5
    • Marie-Enfant Rehabilitation Centre of Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Que., Canada
    • Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Que., Canada
  • ,
  • Paul Allard

      Affiliations

    • Research Centre, Sainte-Justine Hospital, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Que., Canada H3T 1C5
    • Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Que., Canada
  • ,
  • Hubert Labelle

      Affiliations

    • Research Centre, Sainte-Justine Hospital, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Que., Canada H3T 1C5
    • Marie-Enfant Rehabilitation Centre of Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Que., Canada
    • Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Que., Canada
  • ,
  • Christopher L. Vaughan

      Affiliations

    • Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa

Received 3 October 2000 ,Accepted 12 June 2001.

References 

  1. Crowninshield RD, Johnston RC, Andrews JG, Brand RA. A biomechanical investigation of the human hip. J. Biomech. 1978;11:75–85
  2. Gitter A, Czerniecki J, Meinders M. Effect of prosthetic mass on swing phase work during above-knee amputee ambulation. Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 1997;76:114–120
  3. Winter DA, Sienko SE. Biomechanics of below knee amputee gait. J. Biomech. 1988;21:361–367
  4. Sadeghi H, Allard P, Duhaime M. Muscle power compensatory mechanisms in below-knee amputee gait. Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 2001;80:25–32
  5. Winter DA. Kinematic and kinetic patterns in human gait: variability and compensating effects. Human Movement Sci. 1984;3:51–76
  6. Winter DA, McFadyen BJ, Dickey JP. Adaptability of the CNS in human walking. In:  Patla AE editors. Adaptability of human gait. North-Holland: Elsevier; 1991;p. 127–144
  7. Winter DA, Eng JJ, Ishac MG. A review of kinematic parameters in human walking. In: Craik RLB, Otais CA, editors. Gait analysis: theory and application. Mosby Publisher; 1995. p. 252–70
  8. Czerniecki JM. Foot and ankle biomechanics in walking and running. A review. Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 1988;67:246–252
  9. Ericson MO, Nisell R, Ekholm J. Quantified electromyography of lower-limb muscles during level walking. Scand. J. Rehabil. Med. 1986;18:159–163
  10. Winter DA. Electromyography in human gait. In the biomechanics and motor control of human gait. In: Winter  editors. Normal elderly and pathological. Waterloo: University of Waterloo Press; 1991;p. 53–73
  11. Elftman H. Forces and energy changes in the leg during walking. Am. J. Physiol. 1939;125:339–356
  12. Eberhart HD, Inman VT, Bressler B. The principal elements in human locomotion. In: Klopsteg , Wilson  editor. Human limbs and their substitutes. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1954;p. 437–471
  13. Gray EG, Basmajian JV. Electromyography and cinematography of leg and foot during walking. Anatomical Record. 1968;161:1–15
  14. Pedotti A. A study of motor coordination and neuromuscular activities in human locomotion. Biol Cybern 1977;26–53
  15. Winter DA. Energy generation and absorption at the ankle and knee during fast, natural, and slow cadences. Clin Orthop 1983;147–54
  16. Bressler B, Berry FP. Energy and power in the leg during normal level walking. Prosthetic Devices Research Project, series 11, Issue 15. Berkeley, CA: Institute of Engineering Research of the University of California; 1951
  17. Inman VT. Human locomotion. J. Can. Med. Assoc. 1966;94:1047–1054
  18. Perry J, Hoffer MM, Giovan P, Antonelli D, Greenberg R. Gait analysis of the triceps surae in cerebral palsy. A preoperative and postoperative clinical and electromyographic study. Am. J. Bone Joint Surg. 1974;56:511–520
  19. Perry J. Kinesiology of lower extremity bracing. Clin. Orthop. 1974;102:18–31
  20. Simon SR, Mann RA, Hagy JL, Larsen LJ. Role of the posterior calf muscles in normal gait. Am. J. Bone Joint Surg. 1978;60:465–472
  21. Sutherland DH, Cooper L, Daniel D. The role of the ankle plantarflexors in normal walking. Am. J. Bone Joint Surg. 1980;62(A):354–363
  22. Cappozzo A, Figura F, Marchetti M. The interplay of muscular and external forces in human ambulation. J. Biomech. 1976;9:35–43
  23. Dillingham TR, Lehmann JF, Price R. Effect of lower limb on body propulsion. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 1992;73:647–651
  24. Meinders M, Gitter A, Czerniecki JM. The role of ankle plantar flexor muscle work during walking. Scand. J. Rehabil. Med. 1998;30:39–46
  25. Eng JJ, Winter DA. Kinetic analysis of the lower limbs during walking: what information can be gained from a three-dimensional model?. J. Biomech. 1995;28:753–758
  26. Allard P, Lachance R, Aissaoui R, Duhaime M. Simultaneous bilateral 3-D able-bodied gait. Human Movement Sci. 1996;15:327–346
  27. Sadeghi H, Allard P, Duhaime M. Contributions of lower limb muscle power in gait of people without impairments. Phys. Ther. 2000;80:1188–1196
  28. Sadeghi H, Allard P, Duhaime M. Functional gait asymmetry in able-bodied subjects. Human Movement Sci. 1997;16:243–258
  29. Winter DA, Eng P. Kinetics: our window into the goals and strategies of the central nervous system. Behav. Brain Res. 1995;67:111–120
  30. Winter DA. Overall principle of lower limb support during stance phase of gait. J. Biomech. 1980;13:923–927
  31. Winter DA. Biomechanics of normal and pathological gait: implications for understanding human locomotor control. J. Motor Behav. 1989;21:337–353
  32. Vaughan CL. Are joint torques the Holy Grail of human gait analysis?. Human Movement Sci. 1996;15:423–443
  33. Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Muller KE. Applied regression analysis and other multivariable methods. 2nd ed.. Boston, MA: PWS-KENT Publishing Company; 1989;
  34. Hamilton HC. Regression with graphics. A second course in applied statistics. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth; 1992;
  35. Winstein CJ, Garfinkel A. Qualitative dynamics of disordered human locomotion: a preliminary investigation. J. Motor Behav. 1989;21:373–391
  36. Bresler B, Frankel JP. The forces and moments in the leg during level walking. Trans. ASME. 1950;72:27–36
  37. Winter DA. Biomechanics and motor control of human movement. New York: Wiley/Interscience; 1990;
  38. Sharma S. Applied multivariate techniques. University of South Carolina. NewYork: Wiley; 1996
  39. Kaiser HF. The application of electronic computers to factor analysis. Educ. Psychol. Measurement. 1960;20:141–151
  40. Burgess-Limerick R, Abernethy B, Neal RJ. Relative phase quantifies interjoint coordination. J. Biomech. 1993;26:91–94
  41. Winter DA, Patla AE, Frank JS. Assessment of balance control in humans. Med. Prog. Technol. 1990;16:31–51
  42. Andriacchi TP, Strickland AB. Gait analysis as a tool to assess joint articulating joints. In: Berrne N, Engin AE, editors. Correia du Silva KM. The Hauge: Martinus Hijhoff; 1985. p. 83–102
  43. Kadaba MP, Ramakrishnan HK, Wootten ME, Gainey J, Gorton G, Cochran GVB. Repeatability of kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic data in normal adult gait. J. Orthop. Res. 1989;7:849–860
  44. Kepple TM, Siegel KL, Stanhope SJ. Relative contributions of the lower extremity joint moments to forward progression and support during gait. Gait Posture. 1997;6:1–8
  45. Power CM, Rao S, Perry J. Knee kinetics in trans-tibial amputee gait. Gait Posture. 1998;8:1–7

PII: S0268-0033(01)00058-4

Clinical Biomechanics
Volume 16, Issue 8 , Pages 688-695 , October 2001