Clinical Biomechanics
Volume 16, Issue 8 , Pages 681-687 , October 2001

The effect of voluntary toe-walking on body propulsion

  • Patrick O Riley

      Affiliations

    • Center for Rehabilitation Science, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, 125 Nashua Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author
    • ,
  • D.Casey Kerrigan

      Affiliations

    • Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

Received 24 March 2001 ,Accepted 5 June 2001.

References 

  1. Kerrigan DC. Compensatory advantages of toe-walking. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 2000;81:38–44
  2. Olney SJ, et al.  Work and power in hemiplegic cerebral palsy gait. Phys Ther. 1990;70:431–438
  3. Davids JR, et al.  Voluntary (normal) versus obligatory (cerebral palsy) toe-walking in children: a kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic analysis. J Pediatr Orthop. 1999;19:461–469
  4. Tardieu C, et al.  Toe-walking in children with cerebral palsy: contributions of contracture and excessive contraction of triceps surae muscle. Phys Ther. 1989;69:656–662
  5. Lehmann JF. Push-off and propulsion of the body in normal and abnormal gait. Correction by ankle-foot orthoses. Clin Orthop. 1993;97–108
  6. Perry J. Gait analysis: normal and pathological function. Thorofare: SLACK, Inc; 1992;
  7. Meinders M, Gitter A, Czerniecki JM. The role of ankle plantar flexor muscle work during walking. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1998;30:39–46
  8. Riley PO, Della Croce U, Kerrigan DC. Propulsive adaptation to changing gait speed. J Biomech. 2001;34:197–202
  9. Riley PO, Kerrigan DC. Kinetics of stiff-legged gait: induced acceleration analysis. IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng. 1999;7:420–426
  10. Meglan DA. In: Enhanced analysis of human locomotion, in Mechanical Engineering. Columbus: Ohio State University; 1991;p. 271
  11. Kepple TM, Siegel KL, Stanhope SJ. Relative contributions of the lower extremity joint moments to forward progression and support during gait. Gait & Poshre. 1997;6:1–8
  12. Frigo C, et al.  Functionally oriented and clinically feasible quantitative gait analysis method. Med Biol Eng Comput. 1998;36:179–185
  13. Riley PO, Kerrigan DC. Torque action of two-joint muscles in the swing period of stiff-legged gait: a forward dynamic model analysis. J Biomech. 1998;31:835–840
  14. Winter DA. Biomechanics and motor control of human movement. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley; 1990;
  15. Kerrigan DC. Can toe-walking contribute to stiff-legged gait?. Am J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 2001;80:33–37
  16. Siegler S, Moskowitz GD, Freedman W. Passive and active components of the internal moment developed about the ankle joint during human ambulation. J Biomech. 1984;17:647–652

PII: S0268-0033(01)00055-9

Clinical Biomechanics
Volume 16, Issue 8 , Pages 681-687 , October 2001

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